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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lyasen</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe-basis infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Protein_" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Protein">
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Lyasen
</th></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Enzymklassifikation
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC, Kategorie</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.brenda-enzymes.org/enzyme.php?ecno=4.-.-.-">4.-.-.-</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lyasen</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Reaktionsart
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Spaltung
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Substrat
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {A{-}B} }">
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<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
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<mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi>
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<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {A{-}B} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/07a5e8498af2eff8a1c2a4d3110dab09f5f209aa.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:5.197ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {A{-}B} }" loading="lazy"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td>Produkte
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {A+B} }">
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<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {A+B} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/2ba14744abcc8a4cea40f2b7f1d430277e83e3d8.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:6.229ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {A+B} }" loading="lazy"></span>
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Vorkommen
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">Übergeordnetes <a href="Taxon" title="Taxon">Taxon</a>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">Lebewesen
</td></tr>
</tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p><b>Lyasen</b> sind <a href="Enzym" title="Enzym">Enzyme</a> der vierten <a href="Enzymklasse" class="mw-redirect" title="Enzymklasse">Enzymklasse</a> laut der systematischen <a href="Nomenklatur" title="Nomenklatur">Nomenklatur</a> der Enzymkommission der <a href="International_Union_of_Biochemistry" class="mw-redirect" title="International Union of Biochemistry">International Union of Biochemistry</a> (IUB) und <a href="Stoffwechsel" title="Stoffwechsel">katalysieren</a> eine <a href="Molek%C3%BCl" title="Molekül">Molekülspaltung</a>. Lyasen kommen in allen Lebewesen vor. Das Reaktionsschema:
</p>
<dl><dd><dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element mwe-math-element-inline"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \mathrm {A{-}B\rightarrow A+B} }">
<semantics>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0">
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi>
<mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD">
<mo>−<!-- − --></mo>
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<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
<mo stretchy="false">→<!-- → --></mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi>
<mo>+</mo>
<mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi>
</mrow>
</mstyle>
</mrow>
<annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \mathrm {A{-}B\rightarrow A+B} }</annotation>
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</math></span><img src="./_assets_/eb734a37dd21ce173a46342d1cc64c92/688e7c8da5cce2893433ee662d15ea667ae8a405.svg" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.505ex; width:15.04ex; height:2.343ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \mathrm {A{-}B\rightarrow A+B} }" loading="lazy"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl>
<p>Lyasen erzeugen eine nicht-<a href="Hydrolyse" title="Hydrolyse">hydrolytische</a> Spaltung eines Moleküls in zwei Produkte, meist unter Bildung einer <a href="Doppelbindung" title="Doppelbindung">Doppelbindung</a> oder einer Ringstruktur.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Klassifikation">Klassifikation</h2></div>
<p>Lyasen sind im <a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC-Nummern</a>-Klassifikationssystem unter <b><a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/4.-.-.-">4.-.-.-</a></b> kategorisiert. Danach werden Lyasen weiter unterteilt je nachdem, welche Art von Bindung gespalten wird:
</p>
<table class="wikitable">
<tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe5">
<th>Nummer</th>
<th>Bindung</th>
<th>Beispiel
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/4.1.-.-">4.1.-.-</a>
</td>
<td>C-C-Bindung
</td>
<td><a href="Aldolase" title="Aldolase">Aldolase</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/4.2.-.-">4.2.-.-</a>
</td>
<td>C-O-Bindung
</td>
<td><a href="Fumarase" title="Fumarase">Fumarase</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/4.3.-.-">4.3.-.-</a>
</td>
<td>C-N-Bindung
</td>
<td><a href="Argininosuccinat-Lyase" title="Argininosuccinat-Lyase">Argininosuccinat-Lyase</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/4.4.-.-">4.4.-.-</a>
</td>
<td>C-S-Bindung
</td>
<td><a href="Cystathionin-%CE%B2-Lyase" title="Cystathionin-β-Lyase">Cystathionin-β-Lyase</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/4.5.-.-">4.5.-.-</a>
</td>
<td>C-Halogen-Bindung
</td>
<td>DDT-Dehydrochlorinase
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/4.6.-.-">4.6.-.-</a>
</td>
<td>P-O-Bindung
</td>
<td><a href="Adenylylcyclasen" title="Adenylylcyclasen">Adenylylcyclasen</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/4.7.-.-">4.7.-.-</a>
</td>
<td>C-P-Bindung
</td>
<td>
</td></tr></tbody></table>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Andere_Enzymklassen">Andere Enzymklassen</h2></div>
<ul><li><a href="Oxidoreduktasen" title="Oxidoreduktasen">Oxidoreduktasen</a> (<a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/1.-.-.-">1.-.-.-</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferasen</a> (<a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/2.-.-.-">2.-.-.-</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Hydrolase" class="mw-redirect" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolasen</a> (<a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/3.-.-.-">3.-.-.-</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Isomerasen" title="Isomerasen">Isomerasen</a> (<a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/5.-.-.-">5.-.-.-</a>)</li>
<li><a href="Ligase" title="Ligase">Ligasen</a> (<a href="EC-Nummer" title="EC-Nummer">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/6.-.-.-">6.-.-.-</a>)</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/keywords/KW-0456"><i>Keywords - Lyase (KW-0456).</i></a> In: <i>UniProt.</i><span class="Abrufdatum"> Abgerufen am 12. November 2024</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3ALyasen&rft.title=Keywords+-+Lyase+%28KW-0456%29&rft.description=Keywords+-+Lyase+%28KW-0456%29&rft.identifier=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.uniprot.org%2Fkeywords%2FKW-0456"> </span></span>
</li>
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Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2024-11-12" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Lyasen&oldid=250280994">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
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